Surabaya is the birthplace of Soekarno, both physically and ideologically. The social and cultural character of Surabaya is reflected in the straightforward, decisive, courageous, egalitarian, and open-minded nature of Soekarno, who embraced cultural diversity. The city also served as a place to learn about and engage with the national movement, with many significant events and political journeys in Soekarno's life taking place in Surabaya.

Soekarno was born on June 6, 1901, accompanied by the eruption of Mount Kelud, which, according to Javanese belief, was seen as a sign of the birth of an important figure. He was born in a home with limited economic means, without a midwife, and was assisted only by neighbors. Originally named Kusno, his name was changed to Soekarno to avoid illness, with the meaning “good” and inspired by the Mahabharata character Karna.